Aspects as maps of wake interaction in a gravity field

Here are the most commonly cited aspects in astrology and the mathematical angle they represent:

Opposition: 180 degrees apart

Trine: 120 degrees apart

Square: 90 degrees apart

Sextile: 60 degrees apart

Conjunction: 0 degrees apart

Again, it's a geocentric map. A square is two heavenly bodies at a 90 degree angle as seen from earth. 

I fundamentally do not agree with classifications of "good" influences and "bad" influences in traditional astrology. 

Traditionally, a square and an opposition are bad influences.  I find it more useful to think of them as high energy aspects.

Charts with no oppositions or squares are "losers" who go nowhere. Too many of them and you have a drama queen unlikely to get their act together. 

Trines are traditionally seen as "good" aspects. It's more accurate to think of them as stable harmonics.

Keep in mind you can bring a bridge down with harmonics of that sort. If it matches up the right way, the motion amplifies until it crumbles.

I've seen superficially harmonious relationships full of trines that were stable, long term abusive relationships that the victim had trouble escaping.

There are also directions of energy in the chart. The faster moving body approaching 90 degrees creates an applying aspect. There's a different term for it when the faster moving body is moving away from the 90 degree point.

The last three days before the applying aspect are more tense than the three days following as it separates. 

It's never the other way. The slower moving body doesn't ever create the aspect. 

So there's a lot of existing knowledge about gravitational pressures in the teachings of astrology if you translate ancient superstition to more neutral language.

I have no idea how to translate that to a map useful for deciding launch windows that will help you get to where you want to go. Sailors experienced with vessels with sails might have insight.

Footnote 

When a planet goes retrograde or goes direct -- aka changes direction as seen from earth -- there's a few days to either side that has the astrological equivalent of turbulence.